Between 200 000 and 100 000 years ago, modern humans began to evolve throughout Africa– including South Africa. They became the San, who later met up with south-bound Khoipastoralists from the north and became known collectively as the KhoiSan. The KhoiSan drifted down into the Western Cape at about the same time (300AD) that early Iron Age groups crossed the Limpopo – whose descendants, about 1 000 years later, formed the African kingdom of Mapungubwe and began to trade with India, Arabia and China. In 1652, Jan van Riebeeck and his 90-strong party arrived from The Netherlands and set up a ship-refuelling station at Cape Town – an important stop both geographically and politically, as it was on the only early trade route…